Drug delivery vaginal

The main advantages of vaginal drug delivery over conventional drug delivery are the ability to by-pass first pass metabolism. Further, biocompatibility with the local tissue and microbial microenvironment is desired. Vaginal products may come in the form of rings, films, gels, ovules, creams, or liquid formulations.

Optimally, in vitro and ex vivo experimentation will inform or predict in vivo performance, and examples are given that describe utilization of a range of methods from in vitro to in vivo. However, vaginal drug administration requires overcoming numerous obstacles to achieve effective drug absorption and retention.

Drug Delivery Platforms for

Here, we focus on in vitro and ex vivo models that have been developed to evaluate vaginal drug delivery systems, as well as opportunities for new research and method development. When developing formulations for vaginal drug delivery, interactions with CVM and the underlying epithelia must be considered.

Thus, the material collected from the vagina is often referred to as cervicovaginal mucus CVMreflecting its origin from the cervix [ 10 — 12 ]. A variety of in vitro and ex vivo models are described herein for evaluating the physicochemical properties and toxicity profile of vaginal drug delivery systems.

The vagina's proximity to the rich surrounding anastomosis and to the arterial supply makes an ideal route for drug.

In vitro and ex

The anatomy. Abstract Vaginal drug delivery is a promising avenue for local and systemic therapy. The vaginal route of administration is often preferred for locally treating diseases and conditions affecting the female reproductive tract FRT.

Local administration has the potential for increasing drug absorption and delivery to target tissues while minimizing off-target side effects [ 1 — 3 ]. Further, the continuously secreted mucus and dynamic fluid regulation systems that clean, protect, and lubricate the reproductive tract epithelia help remove pathogens and foreign substances [ 6 — 9 ].

Topical vaginal drug therapy

In vivo validation in animal models is uniquely challenging with vaginal products, as there are numerous differences in FRT anatomy, microbiota composition, and hormonal cycles between animal species and humans. Thus, vaginal drug delivery systems can be optimal for treating and preventing vaginal infections, treating cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and delivering hormones for hormone replacement therapy or to support assisted fertility procedures.

Novel drug delivery systems overcome the demerits of conventional systems via nanobiotechnology. This article reviews the present status of intravaginal drug delivery system in terms of solid and semisolid formulations.

Exploring the potential of

In the FRT, mucus is secreted by the endocervix and enters the vaginal canal where it mixes with vaginal fluids, shed vaginal epithelial cells, and microbiota. In addition to direct access to the vaginal and cervical tissues, vaginal drug administration can also lead to increased drug delivery to the uterus via direct transport through the local vasculature, a phenomenon referred to as the uterine first pass effect [ 45 ].

As the first line of defense, CVM can also act as a steric and adhesive barrier to effective drug delivery, and thus, drug delivery systems must be optimized to bypass the mucus barrier [ 313 ]. The vaginal epithelium is highly folded and collapsed due to intraabdominal pressure, which can preclude uniform drug distribution.

Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Compared to other delivery systems, vaginal delivery has the advantages of large specific surface area, abundant blood supply, and avoidance of the hepatic first-pass effect. The vaginal route of administration has emerged as a promising mode of drug delivery, attributed to its anatomy and physiology.

Abstract Vaginal drug delivery has gained significant interest due to its numerous advantages, such as good blood flow, bypassing the first-pass effect, low systemic side effects, and potential for sustained release of pharmaceuticals. Abstract Vaginal drug delivery has gained significant interest due to its numerous advantages, such as good blood flow, bypassing the first-pass effect, low systemic side effects, and potential for sustained release of pharmaceuticals.

Vagina a promising route

For particulate systems, these interactions are influenced by particle size, surface characteristics, stability, and formulation composition. Vaginal products may come in the form of rings, films, gels, ovules, creams, or liquid formulations.

Thus, there is high value in developing in vitro and ex vivo models for formulation characterization, including in vitro human cell culture models and ex vivo human mucus models. Deciding whether to utilize organoids in vitro or fresh human cervicovaginal mucus ex vivo requires careful consideration of the intended use and the formulation characteristics.

The most important research area in vaginal drug delivery focuses on local action, which is a natural consequence of numerous diseases and conditions, including bacterial, viral, and fungal infections or vaginal atrophy and dryness, potentially occurring in vagina.

Lastly, we highlight more advanced model systems for other mucosa as inspiration for the future in model development for the FRT. Keywords: Cervicovaginal mucus, Microbicides, Preterm birth, Mucus penetrating particles, Reproductive tract cancer.

Vaginal drug delivery systems are often preferred for treating a variety of diseases and conditions of the female reproductive tract FRTas delivery can be more targeted with less systemic side effects. Here, we focus on in vitro and ex vivo models that have been developed to evaluate vaginal drug delivery systems, as well as opportunities for new research and method development.

Abstract This article will give comprehensive description regarding Vaginal Drug Delivery System, approaches and various drug delivery systems. Initially targeting contraception and local effects from antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral agents, recent advancements have broadened its scope.

Official websites use. While largely studied pre-clinically, nanoparticles have also made their debut in a line of dendrimer-based products for treating bacterial vaginosis BV and anti-viral applications [ 1415 ]. However, there are many anatomical and biological barriers to effective treatment via the vaginal route.

Notably.